{"id":179191,"date":"2026-10-02T08:06:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T06:06:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/likemetkovic.hr\/portal\/?p=179191"},"modified":"2026-10-02T08:06:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T06:06:51","slug":"domagoj-vidovic-nesto-o-metkovskome-govoru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/likemetkovic.hr\/portal\/domagoj-vidovic-nesto-o-metkovskome-govoru\/","title":{"rendered":"Domagoj Vidovi\u0107: Ne\u0161to o metkovskome govoru"},"content":{"rendered":"

Metkovi\u0107 je sredi\u0161te Neretvanske krajine, kojemu gravitiraju okolna neretvanska i hercegova\u010dka sela s lijeve i desne obale rijeke Neretve. Prvi se put u povijesnim vrelima spominje 1422., a do kona\u010dnoga oslobo\u0111enja od Osmanlija u Malome ratu (1714. \u2013 1718.) bio je neznatno naselje. Nakon oslobo\u0111enja od Osmanlija Metkovi\u0107 se po\u010deo napu\u010divati uglavnom hrvatskim i u manjemu dijelu srpskim pukom iz isto\u010dne Hercegovine, tj. govornicima novo\u0161tokavskoga (i)jekavskog dijalekta. Od XIX. stolje\u0107a naselje se ubrzano urbanizira te se u njega po\u010dinju u ve\u0107oj mjeri doseljavati stanovnici iz okolnih neretvanskih i hercegova\u010dkih sela, ali i iz udaljenijih krajeva (Imotske i Vrgorske krajine, Makarskoga primorja, Pelje\u0161ca, sredi\u0161nje Hercegovine i Bosne, a po\u010detkom XXI. stolje\u0107a u grad je na slu\u017ebu do\u0161ao velik broj pograni\u010dnih policajaca iz Slavonije). Polo\u017eaj tranzitnoga grada uvjetovao je da se sastav stanovni\u0161tva grada svakih nekoliko desetlje\u0107a stubokom mijenja (primjerice, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e je prezime u gradu 1948. bilo Gabri\u0107, a 2001. to je prezime bilo tek 47. po brojnosti; 1948. je od deset naj\u010de\u0161\u0107ih prezimena 7 potjecalo iz isto\u010dnoga, a tri iz zapadnoga dijela Neretvanske krajine, dok je 2001. od deset naj\u010de\u0161\u0107ih prezimena 7 potjecalo iz zapadnoga dijela Neretvanske krajine, 2 iz Hercegovine, a tek jedno iz isto\u010dnoga dijela Neretvanske krajine; Vidovi\u0107 2014: 12\u201316). Za razumijevanje metkovske jezi\u010dne slike ujedno je va\u017ena \u010dinjenica da se grad nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata po\u010deo \u0161iriti na desnu obalu rijeke Neretve. Taj je dio grada naseljen uglavnom iz okolnih sela u zapadnome dijelu Neretvanske krajine. Rijeka Neretva bila je i jest izrazita dijalektna razdjelnica jer su govori isto\u010dno od Neretve (uz iznimku opuzenskoga govora) po odrazu jata<\/em> (i)jekavski, a zapadno od nje ikavski. Tako je i u samome Metkovi\u0107u u kojemu je dio grada na desnoj obali Neretve ikavski, a na lijevoj (i)jekavski. Ujedno treba napomenuti da je udio ikavizama u starijemu dijelu grada postupno rastao upravo s porastom udjela stanovni\u0161tva doseljenoga iz ikavskih krajeva (o \u010demu u svojemu autobiografskom zapisu Kismet <\/em>pi\u0161e i ro\u0111eni Metkovac Ivan Slamnig), a nakon 1990. ikavica se na lijevoj obali Neretve \u0161iri i iz sociolingvisti\u010dkih razloga, zato \u0161to se smatra \u201edalmatinskijom\u201c[1]<\/a>. U ovome se radu iznose zna\u010dajke metkovskoga jekavskog govora kojim govori oko 2\/3 metkovskoga stanovni\u0161tva. Pritom treba imati na umu da se metkovski idiolekti i \u201eku\u0107ni\u201c govori uvelike razlikuju, \u0161to ovisi o podrijetlu roditelj\u00e2 svakoga pojedinog Metkovca i podrijetlu stanovnik\u00e2 \u010detvrti koju nastanjuje.<\/p>\n

U odnosu na okolne (i)jekavske govore metkovski se gradski govor, osim znatnijim udjelom ikavizama, odlikuje dosljednim jekavizmom, izostankom fonema \u015b <\/em>i \u017a <\/em>(fonem \u015b <\/em>bilje\u017eim tek rubno u nekih starijih govornika u primjerima kao \u0161to su \u015b\u00e8kira <\/em>i \u015b<\/em>\u0205<\/em>s<\/em>) te rje\u0111om provedbom tre\u0107e jotacije (izostaju primjeri tipa \u0111\u00e8v\u014djka<\/em>, v<\/em>\u0209<\/em>\u0111et <\/em>ili \u0111\u0205d <\/em>svojstveni susjednim za\u017eapskim i nekim slivanjskim govorima, ali se bilje\u017ei lik \u0107<\/em>\u0205<\/em>rat<\/em>, zabilje\u017een i me\u0111u ikavcima). Ujedno je samo u starome dijelu grada (\u010detvrtima Krnjesavac i Ora\u0161ina) do\u0161lo do neutralizacije dvaju parova afrikata u jedan \"\"i \"\"<\/em> sli\u010dno kao u Opuzenu i u novije vrijeme u Podgradini (Vuk\u0161a Nahod 2018: 189). Na naglasnome je, morfolo\u0161kome i leksi\u010dkome planu metkovski gradski govor bli\u017ei standardu nego okolni govori, tako da izostaju naglasni arhaizmi kao \u0161to je m<\/em>\u020d<\/em>re<\/em> (u Metkovi\u0107u m<\/em>\u020f<\/em>re<\/em>), nastavak -\u014dn <\/em>umjesto -\u014dj<\/em> (npr. u D\u00f9bok\u014dn <\/em>u Slivnu, ali u D\u00f9bok\u014dj <\/em>u Metkovi\u0107u) te leksemi kao \u0161to su krij<\/em>\u0207<\/em>\u0161va <\/em>(u Metkovi\u0107u tr<\/em>\u0205<\/em>\u0161nja<\/em> rje\u0111e tr\u0209\u0161nja<\/em>) ili k<\/em>\ueb00<\/em>t\u014dla<\/em> (u Metkovi\u0107u naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e k\u00f9mp\u012br<\/em>). U mla\u0111ih se govornika pod utjecajem susjednih hercegova\u010dkih govora pro\u0161irio naglasni tip B (npr. r\u00e1dovi<\/em>, v\u00e1lovi<\/em>, klj\u00fa\u010devi<\/em>) dok su u starijih govornika potvr\u0111eni likovi r\u0201dovi<\/em>, v\u0201lovi<\/em>, klj\u0215\u010devi<\/em>, a analogijom i kr\u0201\u013cevi<\/em>) te naglasci tipa argum<\/em>\u0205<\/em>nt<\/em> i dokum<\/em>\u0205<\/em>nt <\/em>(u starijih su govornika potvr\u0111eni likovi arg\u00f9m\u0113nt <\/em>i dok\u00f9m\u0113nt <\/em>uz likove arg\u00f9menat <\/em>i dok\u00f9menat<\/em>). Neke se morfolo\u0161ke promjene uo\u010davaju i u susjednim govorima. Tako u obli\u017enjemu Vidu do\u010detno –l <\/em>sve \u010de\u0161\u0107e prelazi u –ja<\/em> iako su i danas sporadi\u010dno potvr\u0111eni primjeri \u010d\u0215jo<\/em>, \u00f9darijo<\/em> i s\u00ecdijo<\/em>, koje su Ankica \u010cila\u0161 \u0160impraga i Kurtovi\u0107 Budja (2007: 111) u Vidu zabilje\u017eile prije dvadesetak godina, a primjeri su na –o<\/em> donedavna bili zabilje\u017eeni i ju\u017enije, u Kominu.<\/p>\n

Gra\u0111u u radu prikupio je sam autor[2]<\/a>, a za usporedbu s ostalim neretvanskim govorima poslu\u017eili su ponajprije knjige i radovi Senahida Halilovi\u0107a (1996), Perine Vuk\u0161e Nahod (2017 i 2018) te Ankice \u010cila\u0161 \u0160imprage i Ivane Kurtovi\u0107 Budje (2007). Pritom treba istaknuti kako je Senahid Halilovi\u0107 (1996: 40) Metkovi\u0107 ozna\u010dio kako ikavski punkt iako on to, barem na lijevoj obali Neretve i to barem u posljednjih tristotinjak godina, nije bio niti jest. Nadalje, u gradu je, poglavito otkad se naselje urbaniziralo, \u017eivio i \u017eivi znatan udio govornika novo\u0161tokavskoga ikavskog dijalekta, koji izrazito prevladavaju u metkovskim \u010detvrtima na desnoj obali rijeke Neretve te treba imati na umu da postoje povijesnojezi\u010dni dokazi da se u razdoblju prije osmanlijskih osvajanja ikavski novo\u0161tokavski dijalekt prostirao i znatno isto\u010dnije od Neretve, o \u010demu u samome Metkovi\u0107u svjedo\u010de toponimi Br\u020bg <\/em>i P\u00edsak <\/em>(op\u0161irnije u Vidovi\u0107 2009).<\/em><\/p>\n

Ime naselja: M<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tkovi\u0107 <\/em>(u prigradskim naseljima te u u\u017eoj i \u0161iroj okolici M<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tkovi\u0107i<\/em>) (\u00ecz\u00a0 Metkovi<\/sup>\u0107a<\/em>, \u00ecz Metk\u014dvi<\/sup>\u0107a<\/em>, u prigradskim naseljima i okolici \u00ecz Metkov\u012b\u0107a<\/em>,\u00a0 \u00f9\u00a0 Metkovi<\/sup>\u0107u<\/em>, \u00f9\u00a0 Metk\u014dvi<\/sup>\u0107u<\/em>, u prigradskim naseljima i okolici \u00f9 Metkov\u012b\u0107ima<\/em>, \u00f9\u00a0 Metkovi\u0107\u012bn<\/em>, rijetko u isto\u010dnoj Hercegovini \u00f9 Metkovi\u0107i<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Etnik: M<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tkovac <\/em>(u dijelovima grada na desnoj obali i u dijelu okolice M<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tkov\u010danin<\/em>), M<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tk\u014dvka <\/em>(u dijelovima grada na desnoj obali i u dijelu okolice M<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tkov\u010d\u0101nka<\/em>),<\/p>\n

Ktetik: m<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tkovsk\u012b <\/em>(u dijelovima grada na desnoj obali i u dijelu okolice m<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tkova\u010dk\u012b<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Vokalizam<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Metkovski mjesni govor ima uobi\u010dajenih 5 \u0161tokavskih vokala i slogotvorni r<\/em>. Svi vokali mogu biti dugi i kratki. U metkovskome govoru postoje redukcije, potpune u po\u010detnome (v\u00e0k\u012b<\/em>, v\u00e0k\u014d<\/em>, v\u0203mo<\/em>) i zavr\u0161nome polo\u017eaju (n\u0205k<\/em>, p\u00f2zvat<\/em>, sv\u0201k<\/em>) te potpune (\u010d\u00e8tri<\/em>, k\u00f2lk\u014d<\/em>, \u0161\u00e8nca<\/em>) ili djelomi\u010dne u sredi\u0161njemu polo\u017eaju (r\u00e1di<\/sup>le<\/em> gl. pr. r. \u017e. r. jd., n\u00f2si<\/sup>t<\/em>; usp. Vuk\u0161a Nahod 2018: 186). Dugi se slogotvorni r<\/em> dobro \u010duva u starijih govornika, ali se i kod njih pojavljuju sporadi\u010dna kra\u0107enja, npr. cr\u0300nac<\/em>, c\u0211kva<\/em>, g\u0211m <\/em>i \u010d\u00e8tvr\u0306t\u012b <\/em>(usp. Lisac 2003 i Kapovi\u0107 2015: 762). Odraz je jata<\/em> jekavski (za razliku od za\u017eapskih i dijela slivanjskih govora u kojima prevladava dvoslo\u017eni odraz) uz velik udio ikavizama (mogu se \u010duti re\u010denice kao \u0161to su \u0110<\/em>\u0205<\/em> si b<\/em>\u0209o pr\u020d\u0161l\u012b m\u0209<\/em>s\u0113c<\/em>?[3]<\/a>), a udio ikavizama vrlo \u010desto ovisi o podrijetlu oca ili majke svakoga pojedinog govornika. Jat<\/em> o\u010dekivano izostaje u \u00f3de<\/em>, \u00fande <\/em>(ali je \u010desto potvr\u0111eno i n\u00fa\u0111e<\/em> i n<\/em>\u0205<\/em>\u0111e<\/em>). Zapadni odraz *\u0119<\/em> ovjeren je, primjerice, u j\u00e0mit <\/em>(zabilje\u017eeno i n\u00e0mit<\/em>) \u2018uzeti\u2019. Prijelaz ra <\/em>> re <\/em>vidi se u r\u00e9bac <\/em>(me\u0111u jekavcima je u Metkovi\u0107u zabilje\u017eeno r\u0203s<\/em>, ali je me\u0111u ikavcima zabilje\u017eeno i r\u0207st <\/em>\u2018rasti\u2019). U literaturi je i u mjesnoj toponimiji zabilje\u017een lik i gr\u0205b <\/em>umjesto gr\u020db<\/em>, no to je danas arhaizam. Uz prilog se pr\u0209je <\/em>me\u0111u ikavcima na desnoj obali Neretvi \u010duje i pr\u0209ja<\/em>. Do stezanja je vokala u svim istra\u017eenim govorima do\u0161lo u brojevima od jedanaest do devetnaest (ae<\/em> > \u0113<\/em>): jed\u00e0n\u0113s<\/em>, dv\u00e1n\u0113s<\/em>, os\u00e0mn\u0113s<\/em>, dev\u00e8tn\u0113s<\/em> itd., nakon promjene –l<\/em> > –o<\/em> u N jd. imenica: \u00f2r\u014d<\/em>, p\u00f2s\u014d<\/em> te u gl. pr. r. m. r. jd.: br<\/em>\u0209<\/em>j\u014d<\/em>, \u00ec\u0161\u014d<\/em>, k\u020dp\u014d<\/em>, k<\/em>\u0215<\/em>pov\u014d<\/em>, m\u020dg\u014d<\/em>, p\u00f2zn\u014d<\/em>, pr\u00f2\u0161\u014d<\/em>, r\u0205k\u014d<\/em>, sp\u00e1v\u014d,<\/em> zapis\u00edv\u014d <\/em>(ali d<\/em>\u0201<\/em>o <\/em>osim u B<\/em>\u020f<\/em>g ti d<\/em>\u020f<\/em>, zn<\/em>\u0201<\/em>o<\/em>). Zabilje\u017eeni su primjeri s<\/em>\u020d<\/em> t\u012bn<\/em> i s<\/em>\u0215<\/em> p\u0113t <\/em>kad se prijedlog s(a) <\/em>na\u0111e uz zamjenice ili brojeve. Izgovor je jata<\/em> jednoslo\u017ean za razliku od susjednih za\u017eapskih govora u kojima je uglavnom dvoslo\u017ean.<\/p>\n

Konsonantizam<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Metkovski je jekavski govor \u0161takavski (npr. g\u00f2di\u0161te<\/em>, g\u0215\u0161ter<\/em>, g\u0215\u0161teri<\/sup>ca<\/em>, p\u00fa\u0161taj\u016b<\/em> 3. l. jd. prez., \u0161t\u0203p<\/em>, vr\u00ed\u0161ti<\/em> 3. l. jd. prez., a rijetko se \u0161\u0107akavski odrazi ostvaruju me\u0111u ikavskim doseljenicima). Fonemi \u015b<\/em> i \u017a<\/em> (osim iznimno rijetko \u015b <\/em>u starijih govornika i doseljenika iz Za\u017eablja i isto\u010dne Hercegovine) i delateralizacija \u013c <\/em>> j<\/em> (u Metkovi\u0107u p<\/em>\u020d<\/em>lje<\/em>, z\u00e8mlja<\/em>), za razliku od susjednih za\u017eapskih i slivanjskih (i)jekavskih govora, nisu zabilje\u017eeni. U Krnjesavcu i Ora\u0161ini, starim dijelovima grada, do\u0161lo je do neutralizacije dvaju parova afrikata (npr. b\u00f2r\u012b\"\"<\/em>, \"\"\u0203\"\"a<\/em>, \"\"<\/em>\u00e8ki<\/em>\"\"<\/em>, \"\"<\/em>\u00ed\"\"<\/em>ak<\/em>, \"\"\u0215<\/em>do<\/em>, \"\"<\/em>\u00fa\"\"<\/em>at<\/em>; \"\"\u0205<\/em>p<\/em>, \"\"<\/em>\u00ecgerica<\/em>, n<\/em>\u0203\"\"<\/em>\u016b<\/em>).<\/em> Fonem se h <\/em>\u010duva samo iznimno u starijemu sloju leksika (npr. turcizam h\u0203m<\/em> \u2018dio opreme za uprezanje konja\u2019) i u novijim rije\u010dima (npr. h\u00f2tel<\/em>), a ina\u010de ispada u po\u010detnome polo\u017eaju (npr. \u00e0jd\u016bk<\/em>, \u0209<\/em>ljada<\/em>, \u020d<\/em>\u0107emo<\/em>) te sredi\u0161njemu (\u010d\u00e0ura<\/em>, prel\u00e1dit se<\/em>) i do\u010detnomu polo\u017eaju (\u020d<\/em>dm\u0101<\/em>, str\u0203<\/em>; u G mn. pridjeva i zamjenica: m<\/em>\u0203<\/em>l\u012b<\/em>, pr<\/em>\u0203<\/em>v\u012b<\/em>, v<\/em>\u0205<\/em>lik\u012b<\/em>; \u012b<\/em>, \u0144\u012b<\/em>, \u00f2v\u012b<\/em>; rje\u0111e u nekih starijih ispitanika i u \u00f2nije<\/em>, v<\/em>\u0201<\/em>\u0161ije<\/em>). Fonem h<\/em> otpada i u slijedu hv<\/em>-: sv<\/em>\u0201<\/em>\u0107\u0101t<\/em>, \u00f9vatit<\/em>, v<\/em>\u0201<\/em>tat <\/em>(rje\u0111e f<\/em>\u0201<\/em>tat<\/em>). U sredi\u0161njemu polo\u017eaju, radi uklanjanja zijeva nastala gubitkom fonema h<\/em>, iza vokala stra\u017enjega niza dolazi do zamjene h<\/em> > v<\/em> (b\u00f9va<\/em>, d\u00f9v\u0101n<\/em>, k<\/em>\u0215<\/em>v\u0101t<\/em>, p\u00favat<\/em>, \u0215<\/em>vo<\/em>), a iza vokala prednjega niza do zamjene h<\/em> > j<\/em>: gr<\/em>\u020b<\/em>j <\/em>(uz grij<\/em>\u0207<\/em>h<\/em>), grij\u00f2ta<\/em>, Mij\u00f2vil\/M\u00edjo<\/em>, m\u00ecj\u016br. <\/em>Katkad se h<\/em> zamjenjuje fonemom k: \u0161p\u00e0ker <\/em>\u2018\u0161tednjak\u2019. <\/em>U zavr\u0161nome polo\u017eaju, analo\u0161ki prema kosim pade\u017eima, nakon gubitka h<\/em> dolazi fonem v: kr<\/em>\u0215<\/em>v, s<\/em>\u0217<\/em>v <\/em>ili fonem s: \u00f2ras <\/em>(usto je lik \u00f2rav <\/em>potvr\u0111en toponimiji, tj. u imenu zaseoka sela Glu\u0161ci). <\/em>Fonem je f <\/em>razmjerno \u010desto zabilje\u017een u rije\u010dima stranoga postanja (npr. f\u0201jercak<\/em> \u2018upalja\u010d\u2019, f\u00e1\u017eol<\/em> \u2018grah\u2019, f<\/em>\u0207<\/em>bra<\/em> \u2018groznica\u2019, f<\/em>\u0205<\/em>ta<\/em> \u2018kri\u0161ka\u2019, fr\u00e9za<\/em> \u2018motorna kopa\u010dica\u2019)te u primjerima u kojima je hv<\/em> zamijenjeno s f <\/em>(f\u00e1la<\/em> i rje\u0111e \u00f9fatit<\/em>). Zamjena fonema f <\/em>fonemom p<\/em> izrazito je rijetka (npr. pr<\/em>\u0209<\/em>gat<\/em>, p\u00f2prigat<\/em>), ali je zabilje\u017eena u antroponimiji (npr. P\u00edle<\/em>). Delabijalizacija do\u010detnoga –m<\/em> nije zabilje\u017eena u leksi\u010dkim morfemima (d\u020fm<\/em>, k\u0217m<\/em>, n\u00e1jam<\/em> itd.), ali je uglavnom dosljedna u nastavcima i nepromjenjivim rije\u010dima: a) u 1. l. jd. prezenta glagola: \u0209<\/em>gr\u0101n<\/em>, kom\u00e8nt\u012br\u0101n<\/em>, m\u0203\u0161\u0113n<\/em>, p\u00e8\u010den<\/em>, pl<\/em>\u0209<\/em>v\u0101n<\/em>, r\u0203d\u012bn<\/em>, sl<\/em>\u0215<\/em>\u0161\u0101n<\/em>, zn\u0203n<\/em>; b) u I jd. imenica m., s. i \u017e. r.: ma\u0161tr\u00e1lon<\/em>, pl<\/em>\u020d<\/em>don<\/em>, rog\u00e1\u010don<\/em>; b\u0155vnon<\/em>, vr<\/em>\u0205<\/em>lon<\/em>, zv<\/em>\u020d<\/em>non<\/em>; n\u00e8dilj\u014dn<\/em>, r\u0209b\u014dn<\/em>, v<\/em>\u0211<\/em>\u0161\u014dn<\/em>; c) u DLI mn. imenica m., s. i \u017e. r.: ma\u0161tr\u00e1liman<\/em>; b\u0155vniman<\/em>; r\u0209baman<\/em>; u I jd. m., s. i \u017e. r. pridjeva i zamjenica: n<\/em>\u020d<\/em>v\u012bn<\/em>; l<\/em>\u020d<\/em>vorov\u012bn<\/em>; d\u00f2nj\u014dn<\/em>; s\u0201 mn\u014dn<\/em>, n\u0201\u0161\u012bn<\/em>; d) u D\/L\/I mn. m., s. i \u017e. r. pridjeva: pl<\/em>\u0203<\/em>v\u012bn<\/em>, d\u00f9g\u012bn<\/em>, m<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tkovsk\u012bn<\/em>; e) u brojevima: s\u0205dan<\/em>, \u020dsan<\/em>; f) u prilozima: \u0215<\/em>glavn\u014dn<\/em>. Do\u010detni se l<\/em>, osim u stranim rije\u010dima (npr. k\u00e0n\u0101l<\/em>, p<\/em>\u0203<\/em>l<\/em>), \u010duva u nekim pridjevima (m<\/em>\u0203<\/em>l<\/em>, t<\/em>\u020d<\/em>pal<\/em>), a u novije se vrijeme pod utjecajem standarda \u0161iri i na neke apelative gdje prije nije bio potvr\u0111en (npr. st\u020fl<\/em>, v\u020fl<\/em>). Rotacizam je zabilje\u017een u nekim licima prezenta glagola m<\/em>\u020d<\/em>\u0107<\/em> (m<\/em>\u020d<\/em>re\u0161<\/em>, m<\/em>\u020d<\/em>rete<\/em>, m<\/em>\u020d<\/em>remo<\/em>, m<\/em>\u020d<\/em>rete<\/em>) i k\u00e1zat<\/em> (k<\/em>\u0203<\/em>re<\/em>) te u imperativu glagola bj\u00e8\u017eat <\/em>(bj\u00e8ri<\/em>). Ujedno se (dosljedno u starijih govornika, a manje dosljedno u mla\u0111ih) pojednostavnjuju po\u010detne suglasni\u010dke skupine (npr. k<\/em>\u020d<\/em>, s\u00f2vat<\/em>), zavr\u0161ni skupovi –st<\/em> (m<\/em>\u020f<\/em>s<\/em>, ml<\/em>\u0201<\/em>d\u014ds<\/em>), –\u0161t<\/em> (g\u0215\u0161<\/em>, pr<\/em>\u020b<\/em>\u0161<\/em>) i –zd <\/em>(gr<\/em>\u020d<\/em>z<\/em>), ali i druge suglasni\u010dke skupine (bl<\/em>\u0201<\/em>gos\u014dv<\/em>, p<\/em>\u0201<\/em>n\u0113n <\/em>\u2018padnem\u2019, \u00a0pr\u00e9sjedn\u012bk<\/em>). Lik \u010d\u00f2ek<\/em> nastao je ispadanjem v<\/em>. Infinitiv dolazi u krnjemu obliku (npr. l\u00e8\u017eat<\/em>). U glagola koji se u hrvatskome standardnom jeziku tvore na –nuti<\/em> prevladava tip d\u00ecgnit <\/em>(m\u00e0knit<\/em>, g<\/em>\u0201<\/em>nit<\/em>, ali i m<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tit<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Morfologija i sintaksa<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Pridjevska je sklonidba zabilje\u017eena u lokativu nekih imenica \u017eenskoga roda e<\/em>-sklonidbe (k\u00e0s\u0101rn\u014dj<\/em>, lj\u00e8k\u0101rn\u014dj<\/em>, p\u00e8k\u0101rn\u014dj<\/em>) te u toponimiji (\u00f9 Pl\u012bn\u014dj<\/em>) i antroponimiji (\u00ccvan\u014dj<\/em>, M\u00ecrjan\u014dj<\/em>). Vrlo je \u010desta (poglavito kod starijih govornika) kratka mno\u017eina (npr. b<\/em>\u0211<\/em>ci<\/em>, m<\/em>\u0209<\/em>\u0161i<\/em>). U imeni\u010dkoj se sklonidbi i imenice \u010dija osnova zavr\u0161ava na palatal sklanjaju kao one \u010dija osnova zavr\u0161ava na nepalatal (npr. l\u00e8\u0161on<\/em>, k\u00f2njon<\/em>, m\u0217\u017eon<\/em>). Nastavak se –ama<\/em> u DLI mn. \u010desto nazalizira (npr. k\u00f2njiman<\/em>, r\u00f9kaman<\/em>). Aorist je razmjerno dobro potvr\u0111en iako u manjoj mjeri nego u susjednoj Hercegovini gdje je aorist naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e upotrebljavano pro\u0161lo vrijeme. Analogijom se prema 3. l. mn. \u0161<\/em> pro\u0161irilo i na druga lica u mno\u017eini (d\u00f3\u0111o\u0161mo<\/em>, r\u00e1di\u0161te<\/em>, svr\u00e1ti\u0161te<\/em>, up\u00f2zna\u0161mo<\/em>). Imperfekt je rijetko potvr\u0111en, uglavnom u starijih govornika. Futur II. se katkad (a u susjednome Za\u017eablju gotovo isklju\u010divo) tvori od svr\u0161enoga prezenta glagola biti<\/em> i infinitiva (k\u0201d ti b\u0215d\u0113n gov\u00f2rit<\/em>; ako b\u0215d\u0113\u0161 \u0209\u0107<\/em>). Sli\u010dno kao u Za\u017eablju i Slivnu \u017eivo je i tzv. predbudu\u0107e vrijeme koje ozna\u010duje \u201evjerojatnu radnju u pro\u0161losti\u201c (Menac-Mihali\u0107 1989: 101): b\u0209t \u0107e s\u0209g\u016bro \u010d\u0215o z\u00e0 sprov\u014dd \u015b\u0215tr\u012b d\u0203n<\/em> (\u2018bit \u0107e da je sigurno \u010duo za sutra\u0161nji sprovod\u2019). Tzv. imperativ pro\u0161li, koji \u201eizra\u017eava ne\u0161to \u0161to je subjekt po mi\u0161ljenju govornika trebao izvr\u0161iti u pro\u0161losti, a nije\u201c (Menac-Mihali\u0107 1989: 102) tako\u0111er je u\u0161\u010duvan u Metkovi\u0107u (zabilje\u017eio sam ga na predjelu Klada) i tvori se od 3. l. imperfekta glagola biti i infinitiva: b\u0209j\u0101\u0161e to u\u010d\u00ecni(t)<\/em> (\u2018trebao si bio to u\u010diniti\u2019).<\/p>\n

Prozodija<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Naglasni je sustav tipi\u010dni novo\u0161tokavski, s \u010detirima naglascima te dobro u\u0161\u010duvanim zanaglasnim du\u017einama u svim o\u010dekivanim pozicijama (u susjednim su hercegova\u010dkim selima zabilje\u017eene i sekundarne zanaglasne du\u017eine i u zamjeni\u010dkome obliku nj<\/em>\u0205<\/em>g\u0101 <\/em>i osobnomu imenu \u00ccvan\u0101<\/em>, a ti su primjeri rubno potvr\u0111eni i u Metkovi\u0107u). Silazni su naglasci u nepo\u010detnome slogu razmjerno rijetko potvr\u0111eni osim u novijim vi\u0161eslo\u017enim rije\u010dima stranoga podrijetla (npr. akumul<\/em>\u0203<\/em>tor<\/em>, koment<\/em>\u0203<\/em>tor<\/em>, u mla\u0111ih dokum<\/em>\u0205<\/em>nt<\/em>, ali v\u00ecbr\u0101tor<\/em>) te sustavno u genitivu mno\u017eine \u017eenskoga roda u primjerima tipa ud\u020dv\u012bc\u0101<\/em> (\u0161to je \u010desto u \u0161tokavskim govorima u ju\u017enoj Dalmaciji i Hercegovini) te u mla\u0111ih govornika u genitivu mno\u017eine u primjerima tipa Bos\u0203n\u0101c\u0101<\/em> (u starijih je obi\u010dnije B\u00f2s\u0101n\u0101c\u0101<\/em>), koji su tako\u0111er \u010desti u mjesnim govorima (poglavito u ju\u017enoj Dalmaciji i Hercegovini). Praslavensko preskakanje se dobro \u010duva: npr. b<\/em>\u0205<\/em>z gl\u0101sa<\/em>, d<\/em>\u020d<\/em> neba<\/em>, \u0209<\/em>z polja<\/em>, n<\/em>\u0201<\/em> panj<\/em>, p<\/em>\u020d<\/em> zl\u0101to<\/em>, p<\/em>\u020d<\/em>d<\/em> r\u016bku<\/em>, s<\/em>\u0201<\/em> srca<\/em>, \u0215<\/em> \u0161irinu<\/em>, \u0215<\/em>z tij\u0113lo<\/em>; d<\/em>\u0203<\/em>n \u0209 n\u014d\u0107<\/em>; n<\/em>\u0205<\/em> donese.<\/em> Preskakanje se pojavljuje i u uobi\u010dajenim sekundarnim C-primjerima kao n\u0201 kam\u0113n<\/em>, \u0209za brda<\/em> te analo\u0161ki n\u0201 Hv\u0101r<\/em>, p\u020d k\u013c<\/em>\u016b<\/em>\u010d<\/em>, \u0215 kr\u012b\u017e<\/em>, z\u0201 n\u014d\u017e<\/em>, n\u0201 s<\/em>\u016b<\/em>d<\/em>, \u0215 cvij\u0113\u0107e<\/em> i sl. I novo\u0161tokavsko preno\u0161enje je dobro potvr\u0111eno: npr. b\u00e8z vez\u0113<\/em>, d\u00f2 kruva<\/em>, isp\u00f2d mene<\/em>, \u00ecz Metkovi\u0107a<\/em>, iz\u00e0 \u0161tal\u0113<\/em>, izn\u00e0d ku\u0107\u0113<\/em>, k\u00f2d smokv\u0113<\/em>, kr\u00f2z \u0161umu<\/em>, me\u0111\u00f9 bra\u0107\u014dn<\/em>, mim\u00f2 tebe<\/em>, n\u00e0 St\u0101ru N\u00e8r\u0113tvu<\/em>, n\u00e0d Gl\u016b\u0161cima(n)<\/em>, n\u00ecz vjetar<\/em>, \u00f2 m\u0101jki<\/em>, \u00f2d volj\u0113<\/em>, \u00f2ko zgrad\u0113<\/em>, \u00f2kolo ku\u0107\u0113<\/em>, p\u00f2 gu\u0161tu<\/em>, p\u00f2d ve\u0161t\u014dn<\/em>, pokr\u00e0j brata<\/em>, por\u00e8d nj\u012b<\/em>, pram\u00e0 s\u016bncu<\/em>, pr\u00e8d ki\u0161u<\/em>, prek\u00f2 nek\u0113<\/em> stv<\/em>\u0203<\/em>ri<\/em>, pr\u00ec op\u0107ini<\/em>, s\u00e0 sk\u0101l\u0101<\/em>, \u00f9 stom\u0101k<\/em>, \u00f9z vatru<\/em>, z\u00e0 uru<\/em>; jed\u00e0n metar<\/em>, dv\u00e1 dan\u0101<\/em>, tr\u00ed ku\u0107e<\/em>, st\u00f3 k\u012bl\u0101<\/em>; p\u00f3 godin\u0113<\/em>, k<\/em>\u020f<\/em>s \u00ec ko\u017ea<\/em>, n\u00ec mjes\u0113ca<\/em>, \u00e0 t\u012b<\/em>, k<\/em>\u020d<\/em> st\u014d vrag\u00f3v\u0101<\/em>; dob\u00e0r ve\u010d\u0113<\/em>; n\u00e8 po\u010dm\u0113<\/em>. Uz navedene primjere supostoje (poglavito u mla\u0111ih govornika) primjeri u kojima naglasak ne preska\u010de ili se ne prenosi.<\/p>\n

Kad je rije\u010d o naglasku razvidna je generacijska raslojenost \u2012 kod starijih su i danas zabilje\u017eeni naglasci kao \u0161to je kraj\u00e9v\u0101 <\/em>i sin\u00f3v\u0101<\/em>, a u mla\u0111ih kr\u0201j\u0113v\u0101<\/em> i s\u0209n\u014dv\u0101<\/em>. Te naglaske mla\u0111i jo\u0161 izgovaraju pri \u010ditanju crkvenih tekstova (\u00f9 sve vij\u0207ke vjek\u00f3v\u0101<\/em>), a navedeni su naglasci \u010de\u0161\u0107e potvr\u0111eni kod mla\u0111ih govornika u okolnim selima (usp. Vidovi\u0107 2007 i 2009). Ve\u0107ina govornik\u00e2 dobro \u010duva C-paradigmu u primjerima kao b\u00edla \u2012 b\u020blo<\/em>, ali se, uglavnom u najmla\u0111im generacijama i pod utjecajem dijela hercegova\u010dkih govora, mo\u017ee \u010duti i ujedna\u010deno b\u00edlo <\/em>(toga u okolnim selima gotovo da nema). Stari je naglasak tipa izabr\u00e1la<\/em>, po\u010d\u00e9la<\/em>, prod\u00e1la<\/em>, uz\u00e9la<\/em> zabilje\u017een samo u najstarijih govornika dok se u okolnim selima jo\u0161 mo\u017ee \u010duti i u mla\u0111ih. B-paradigma dosta se dobro \u010duva u neodre\u0111enih pridjeva (npr. \u017e\u0217t<\/em> \u2013 \u017e\u00fata<\/em> \u2013 \u017e\u00fato<\/em>, z\u00e8len<\/em> \u2013 zel\u00e8na<\/em> \u2013 zel\u00e8no<\/em>, bij<\/em>\u0207<\/em>l<\/em> \u2013 bij\u00e9la<\/em> \u2013 bij\u00e9lo<\/em>, v\u00ecsok<\/em> \u2013 vis\u00f2ka<\/em> \u2013 vis\u00f2ko<\/em>, vr<\/em>\u0217<\/em>\u0107<\/em> \u2013 vr\u00fa\u0107a<\/em> \u2013 vr\u00fa\u0107e<\/em>, kr\u00e1tak<\/em> \u2013 kr\u00e1tka<\/em> \u2013 kr\u00e1tko<\/em>; sekundarno pj<\/em>\u0201<\/em>n<\/em> \u2013 pj\u00e0na<\/em> \u2013 pj\u00e0no<\/em>). Razlikovna se uloga naglaska ogleda, me\u0111u ostalim, u tvorbi umanjenica (npr. n\u00f2ga<\/em> : n\u00f3ga<\/em>, b<\/em>\u020d<\/em>ca<\/em> : b\u00f3ca<\/em>, nj<\/em>\u0215<\/em>\u0161ka<\/em>: nj\u00fa\u0161ka<\/em>, k<\/em>\u0205<\/em>sa<\/em> : k\u00e9sa<\/em>, k<\/em>\u0215<\/em>\u0107a<\/em> : k\u00fa\u0107a<\/em>, kr<\/em>\u0209<\/em>\u0161ka<\/em> : kr\u00ed\u0161ka<\/em>), a promjenom naglaska tvore se i hipokoristi\u010dna osobna imena (\u00c1na<\/em> < \u0200na<\/em>, P\u00e9ra<\/em> < P\u0205ra<\/em>, V\u00e9ra<\/em> < V\u0205ra<\/em>). Prefiksalni imenski kanova\u010dki naglasak gotovo u potpunosti izostaje osim u primjerima kao \u0161to su p\u00f3nos<\/em>, p\u00f3ziv<\/em>, pr\u00f3zor<\/em>, a iskonski se kratki naglasak produljuje i u glagola sj\u00e9\u0107at <\/em>i tr\u00e9bat<\/em>. U osobnih imena potvr\u0111en je naglasni tip Mir\u00f2slav<\/em>, Tom\u00ecslav<\/em>, Rad\u00f2slav<\/em>, Stan\u00ecslav <\/em>te Dan\u00ecjel<\/em>, Dom\u00ecnik<\/em>, Gabr\u00ecjel<\/em>, Raf\u00e0el<\/em>, a u prezimen\u00e2 \u010deoni naglasak u prezimenima kao \u0161to su J\u00f2vanovi\u0107<\/em>, M\u00e0rtinovi\u0107<\/em>, \u00d2bradovi\u0107 <\/em>(usp. i tip \u00ccl<\/em>\u012b<\/em>\u0107<\/em>), no on se dosljednije \u010duva u okolnim selima (npr. \u00c0ntunovi\u0107<\/em>; usp. i tip Dom\u00ecnikovi\u0107<\/em>, K<\/em>\"\"<\/em>sti\u010devi\u0107<\/em>). U slo\u017eenicama je \u010dest naglasak na spojniku (npr. dom\u00e0zet<\/em>, kratk\u00f2kos<\/em>, pol\u00f9brat<\/em>). U starijih je govornika zabilje\u017een i naglasak \u020d<\/em>n <\/em>te s<\/em>\u0205<\/em>dm\u012b<\/em> i \u020d<\/em>sm\u012b.<\/em><\/p>\n

Leksik<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Iz doma\u0107ega hrvatskog leksika izdvajam rije\u010di: bl<\/em>\u0209<\/em>nja<\/em> \u2018vodoplavno podru\u010dje s povremenim vrelom obi\u010dno u podno\u017eju brda\u2019, brez<\/em> (zast.; i brez\u00f2brazan<\/em>) \u2018bez\u2019, b\u00fabak<\/em> \u2018batine\u2019, c\u00edpac<\/em> \u2018potkoljeni\u010dna kost\u2019, kr\u00fapa<\/em> \u2018grad\u2019, \u010damb<\/em>\"\"<\/em>ljat<\/em> \u2018grepsti\u2019, \u0107\u00fako<\/em> \u2018pas\u2019, d\u0209\u0144a<\/em> \u2018lubenica\u2019, dr\u020fb<\/em> \u2018trbuh\u2019, d\u0217b<\/em> \u2018hrast\u2019, gl\u00favo<\/em> \u2018gluha osoba\u2019, g\u00f2n\u012bk <\/em>\u2018uski poljski put\u2019, g\u00f2\u017e\u0111a<\/em> \u2018zamka\u2019, g<\/em>\u020f<\/em>\u017e\u0111e<\/em> \u2018\u017eeljezo\u2019, g\u0215\u010de<\/em> \u2018mlada svinja\u2019, g\u0215da <\/em>\u2018\u017eenka svinje\u2019, g\u00f9d\u012bn<\/em> \u2018svinja\u2019, isp\u00f2ravit se<\/em> \u2018ispraviti se\u2019, \u0209<\/em>zba<\/em> \u2018konoba\u2019, j\u00e0mit<\/em>\/n\u00e0mit<\/em> \u2018uzeti\u2019, k\u0205\u0144a<\/em> \u2018magarica\u2019, k\u00e9\u0144ac<\/em> \u2018magarac\u2019, k\u00f2\u010d\u0101k<\/em> \u2018svinjac\u2019, kr<\/em>\u0205<\/em>k<\/em> \u2018panj\u2019, kr\u00fapa<\/em> \u2018grad\u2019, kv\u00e0sina<\/em> \u2018ocat\u2019, l\u00f2\u0107ika<\/em> \u2018vrtna salata\u2019, l\u0217g<\/em> \u2018pepeo\u2019, m\u00e0nit<\/em> (usp. mahnit<\/em>) \u2018lud\u2019, ml<\/em>\u020b<\/em>nica<\/em> \u2018vodenica\u2019, m\u00f3ba <\/em>\u2018skupina ljudi koja koja organizirano ide na posao u polju (pomo\u0107i kome ili za dnevnicu)\u2019, naprd\u00edvat<\/em> \u2018govoriti gluposti\u2019, n\u00e0vr\u0107at<\/em> \u2018kalemiti vo\u0107ke\u2019, n\u020f\u017eice<\/em> \u2018\u0161kare\u2019, \u020d<\/em>drna<\/em> \u2018sjenica od vinove loze\u2019, p\u00edva<\/em> (\u017e. r.) \u2018pivo\u2019, p\u020dd<\/em> \u2018komad zemlje\u2019, pramas\u00f9n\u010dac<\/em> i pr\u00e0n\u010di\u014dk<\/em> \u2018mjesto u zavjetrini okrenuto suncu\u2019, p\u020djata<\/em> \u2018poljska ku\u0107ica\u2019, prd\u00f2kla\u010dit<\/em> \u2018govoriti gluposti\u2019, pr\u00ecstupak<\/em> \u2018manje pristani\u0161te\u2019, pr\u00faga<\/em> \u2018autobusna linija\u2019, sl\u00edno<\/em> i sm\u00f3to <\/em>\u2018nespretna osoba\u2019, smj<\/em>\u0205<\/em>rit<\/em> \u2018pogoditi koga kamenom\u2019, so\u010d\u00ecvica<\/em> \u2018le\u0107a\u2019, sp<\/em>\u0209<\/em>rine<\/em> \u2018ostatci hrane za svinje\u2019, sp<\/em>\u0217<\/em>\u017e<\/em> \u2018pu\u017e\u2019, s\u0211\u0161\u0113n<\/em> \u2018str\u0161ljen\u2019, str<\/em>\u0217<\/em>ga<\/em> \u2018prokop\u2019, sv\u00e9tac<\/em> \u2018blagdan\u2019, sv\u00edtac<\/em> \u2018krijesnica\u2019, \u0161<\/em>\u0205<\/em>tka<\/em> \u2018lisica\u2019, \u0161k\u00e0kavac <\/em>\u2018skakavac\u2019, t\u0211g\u0101nje<\/em> \u2018berba gro\u017e\u0111a\u2019, \u0215<\/em>\u017eina<\/em> \u2018ru\u010dak\u2019, t\u00e0rig\u016bz<\/em> \u2018toaletni papir\u2019, v\u00e0ri\u0107\u0101k<\/em> \u2018vrsta posude; mjera za povr\u0161inu, 500 kvadratnih metara\u2019, v\u0209jor<\/em> \u2018da\u0161ak\u2019, v<\/em>\u0211<\/em>\u0107<\/em> \u2018vr\u0161iti (\u017eito)\u2019, v<\/em>\u0211<\/em>\u017e<\/em> \u2018\u010dvor na dasci\u2019, z\u0203va<\/em> \u2018zaova\u2019, z\u00f3va<\/em> \u2018bazga\u2019, zgud\u00ecnjat se<\/em> \u2018nadebljati se\u2019, \u017e\u00e9sta<\/em> \u2018\u017eestoko pi\u0107e\u2019, \u017e\u00e8stica<\/em> \u2018vrsta te\u0161ko obradiva zemlji\u0161ta\u2019, \u017e<\/em>\u0209<\/em>c\u0101r<\/em> \u2018radnik koji je odr\u017eavao po\u0161tanske linije\u2019 te \u017em<\/em>\u0201<\/em>re<\/em> \u2018\u010dvarci\u2019. Supstratni je romanski sloj zastupljen u dalmatoromanizmima i balkanskim romanizmima b\u00e8k\u012bna<\/em> \u2018oderana \u017eivotinjska ko\u017ea\u2019, b<\/em>\u0209<\/em>\u010dve<\/em> \u2018\u010darape\u2019, c\u00edpol<\/em> \u2018cipal\u2019, \u010d<\/em>\u0201<\/em>trnja<\/em> \u2018zdenac\u2019, gr<\/em>\u0209<\/em>pa<\/em> \u2018kamen veli\u010dine \u0161ake\u2019, k\u00e0pula <\/em>\u2018crveni luk\u2019, kl<\/em>\u0201<\/em>\u010dina<\/em> \u2018vapnenica\u2019, k\u00f2ma\u0161tre<\/em> \u2018lanac iznad ognji\u0161ta\u2019, m\u0201ra\u010d<\/em> \u2018o\u017eujak\u2019, m<\/em>\"\"<\/em>g\u012bnj <\/em>\u2018kamen me\u0111a\u0161\u2019, p<\/em>\u0205<\/em>\u010da<\/em> \u2018komad\u2019, p\u00e8\u0161kelj<\/em> \u2018vrsta rije\u010dne ribe, Scardinus plotizza<\/em>\u2019, pl\u00f2k\u0101ta<\/em> \u2018poplo\u010dani gradski trg\u2019, s<\/em>\u020d<\/em>vrnja<\/em> \u2018gra\u0111evinski otpad\u2019, \u0161k<\/em>\u020b<\/em>p<\/em> \u2018drvena posuda koja se stavlja pred ba\u010dvu kako bi se u nju usulo vino koje curi iz nje\u2019, \u017e\u00f9dija <\/em>\u2018vojnik na Kristovu grobu\u2019 i \u017e\u0215ka <\/em>\u2018brnistra\u2019. Mla\u0111i je romanski sloj zastupljen u toponimima kao \u0161to su bal\u00e0nc\u0101na<\/em> \u2018patlid\u017ean\u2019, b<\/em>\u0201<\/em>nak<\/em> \u2018drvena klupa; prodajni stol na tr\u017enici\u2019, b<\/em>\u0205<\/em>\u0161tija<\/em> \u2018zvijer, \u017eivotinja; jaka osoba\u2019, br\u00f9jet <\/em>\u2018brodet\u2019, b\u00faka<\/em> \u2018drveni ili kovinski lon\u010di\u0107\u2019 (usp. i \u00ecgrat na b\u00faku<\/em> \u2018igrati na faktor iznena\u0111enja dok se protivnik ne postavi\u2019), b\u00f9kara<\/em> \u2018drveni sud s ru\u010dkom za vino\u2019, c\u00ecmenat<\/em> \u2018cement\u2019, d\u00f9z\u012bna <\/em>\u2018dvanaest komada \u010dega (naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e \u017eaba i u \u017eargonu zgoditaka\u2019, g<\/em>\u0203<\/em>n\u010de<\/em> \u2018vile\u2019, gr<\/em>\u0203<\/em>n\u010dav<\/em> \u2018u\u017eegnut\u2019, k\u00e0\u0107\u014dla <\/em>\u2018zaima\u010da\u2019, k\u00e0\u012bn<\/em> \u2018lavor\u2019, kar\u00ec\u014dla<\/em> \u2018ta\u010dke\u2019, krp\u00e0t\u016br<\/em> \u2018jorgan\u2019, k\u00f9kum\u0101r<\/em> \u2018krastavac\u2019, k\u0215pa<\/em> \u2018crijep\u2019, k\u00f9\u017e\u012bna<\/em> \u2018kuhinja\u2019, l<\/em>\u0201<\/em>br\u0144a<\/em> \u2018nju\u0161ka, gubica\u2019, l\u00e0nc\u016bn<\/em> \u2018plahta\u2019, m<\/em>\u0201<\/em>\u0107a<\/em> \u2018mrlja; prljava ki\u0161a\u2019, m\u00ecstrija <\/em>\u2018zidarska lopatica\u2019, p\u00e8\u0161kat<\/em> \u2018uzeti, pokupiti, dobiti\u2019, petr\u00f9s\u012bmul<\/em> \u2018per\u0161in\u2019, pj<\/em>\u0201<\/em>ca <\/em>(usp. hodonime M<\/em>\u0203<\/em>l\u0101<\/em> pj<\/em>\u0201<\/em>ca <\/em>i V<\/em>\u0205<\/em>lik\u0101 pj<\/em>\u0201<\/em>ca <\/em>te nadimak pj<\/em>\u0201<\/em>c\u0101r<\/em> koji nose metkovski mangupi) i p\u00ecjaca <\/em>(mla\u0111e) \u2018tr\u017enica\u2019, p\u00ecjat<\/em> \u2018tanjur\u2019, p\u00ec\u0144\u016br<\/em> (rje\u0111e p\u00ecr\u016bn<\/em>) \u2018vilica\u2019, pom\u00ecd\u014dra<\/em> \u2018raj\u010dica\u2019, p<\/em>\u020f<\/em>nta<\/em> \u2018rt, prevlaka; pristani\u0161te\u2019, r\u00e8\u0107\u012bna<\/em> (uz m\u00ecn\u0111u\u0161a<\/em>) \u2018nau\u0161nica\u2019, sakram\u00e8ntat<\/em> \u2018udariti\u2019, s\u0209\u0107<\/em> \u2018bunarsko vjedro\u2019, s\u00f2rit <\/em>\u00a0\u2018sru\u0161iti\u2019, \u0161ug\u00f2m\u0101n<\/em> (\u010desto i turcizam p\u00e8\u0161k\u012br<\/em>) \u2018ru\u010dnik\u2019, t\u00e0raca<\/em> \u2018terasa\u2019 te \u017e\u0217nta <\/em>\u2018privaga, prilo\u017eak mesa\u2019. Znatan je i udio turcizama: \u0201<\/em>ble\u0107ina <\/em>\u2018pijanac, budala\u2019, \u00e1\u0107if<\/em> \u2018slasti\u010dar\u2019, \u00e0vlija <\/em>\u2018dvori\u0161te ogra\u0111eno visokom ogradom\u2019, b\u00e0jer<\/em> \u2018nasip\u2019, b\u00f2stan<\/em> \u2018dinja\u2019, deg\u00e8nek <\/em>\u2018batine\u2019, d\u00e8rnek <\/em>\u2018sajam; zabava\u2019, d\u017e<\/em>\u0205<\/em>nerika <\/em>\u2018vrsta \u0161ljive\u2019, d\u017e\u00ecgerica<\/em> \u2018jetrica\u2019, d\u017e\u00f9d\u017ean<\/em> \u2018tvor\u2019,\u00a0 j\u00e8ndek<\/em> \u2018jarak\u2019, k\u00e0\u0161i<\/sup>ka <\/em>\u2018\u017elica\u2019, kl\u00e0gija<\/em> \u2018rasuka\u010d\u2019, sar\u00e0nsek<\/em> \u2018bijeli luk\u2019, s\u00ecnd\u017e\u012br<\/em> \u2018lanac\u2019, sp\u00e0nj\u0101k<\/em> \u2018\u0161pinat\u2019, t\u00e0sla\u010dit<\/em> \u2018obraditi, otesati; tu\u0107i\u2019, v\u0201kat<\/em> \u2018vrijeme\u2019. Od germanizama su zastupljeni br\u0207nza <\/em>\u2018ko\u010dnica\u2019, c\u0215kar<\/em> \u2018\u0161e\u0107er\u2019, cv\u00edke<\/em> \u2018nao\u010dale\u2019,\u00a0 f\u00e1ngla<\/em> \u2018zidarska zdjelica\u2019, fr\u00e9za<\/em> (\u010desto i \u0203grija po imenu tvrtke) \u2018motokultivator\u2019, kl\u00e9ma<\/em> \u2018zavrtanj za stezanje na akumulatoru\u2019, \u0161\u00e0l\u016bng<\/em> \u2018oplata za betoniranje\u2019, \u0161t<\/em>\u0201<\/em>la<\/em> \u2018staja\u2019 (u toponimiji isklju\u010divo staja). Dio je aktivnoga leksika i apelativ albanskoga postanja t\u00f9r\u012bn<\/em> \u2018nju\u0161ka\u2019.<\/p>\n

Op\u0107enito bi se moglo re\u0107i da su u metkovskome govoru romanizmi zastupljeniji nego u Hercegovini, a manje zastupljeni nego u priobalnome dijelu Dalmacije, a turcizmi \u010de\u0161\u0107i nego u priobalnome dijelu Dalmacije, a rje\u0111i nego u Hercegovini. Germanizmi su novijega postanja te su, osim tijekom austrijske uprave, u metkovski govor u\u0161li preko strojarskoga nazivlja.<\/p>\n

Bilje\u0161ke:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Iako novo\u0161tokavski ikavski govori prevladavaju u zapadnoj Hercegovini, Metkovci ih dr\u017ee \u201edalmatinskijim\u201c od isto\u010dnohercegova\u010dkih (i)jekavskih govora.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Na ovome mjestu zahvaljujem Ivi Veraji na podatcima i pomo\u0107i tijekom istra\u017eivanja.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Takvo je stanje takvo je stanje i u Brotnju u zapadnoj Hercegovini gdje prevladava ikavski odraz jata<\/em>, ali je lik \u0111e<\/em> temeljni. U samome je Metkovi\u0107u me\u0111u govornicima srednje generacije \u010de\u0161\u0107e u uporabi lik di<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Literatura<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010cila\u0161 \u0160impraga Ankica; Kurtovi\u0107 Budja, Ivana. 2007. Suglasni\u010dke zna\u010dajke \u0161tokavskih i \u010dakavskih govora izme\u0111u Krke i Neretve. \u010cakavska ri\u010d<\/em> 35\/1. 105\u2013120.<\/p>\n

Halilovi\u0107, Senahid. 1996. Govorni tipovi u me\u0111urije\u010dju Neretve i Rijeke dubrova\u010dke.<\/em> Bosanskohercegova\u010dki zbornik <\/em>7. Institut za jezik. Sarajevo.<\/p>\n

Kapovi\u0107, Mate. 2015. Povijest hrvatske akcentuacije<\/em>. Matica hrvatska. Zagreb.<\/p>\n

Lisac, Josip. 2003. H<\/em>rvatska dijalektologija 1. Hrvatski dijalekti i govori \u0161tokavskoga narje\u010dja i hrvatski govori torla\u010dkoga narje\u010dja<\/em>. Golden marketing \u2013 Tehni\u010dka knjiga. Zagreb.<\/p>\n

Menac-Mihali\u0107, Mira. 1989. Glagolski oblici u \u010dakavskom narje\u010dju i u hrvatskom knji\u017eevnom jeziku. Filologija <\/em>17. 81\u2013109.<\/p>\n

Vidovi\u0107, Domagoj. 2007. Accentual alternations in Neo-\u0160tokavian Ijekavian Dialects of Neretvanska Krajina. Tones and Theories: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Balto-Slavic Accentuation<\/em>. Ur. Kapovi\u0107, Mate; Matasovi\u0107, Ranko. Posebna izdanja Instituta.\u00a0 Institut za hrvatski jezik. Zagreb. 199\u2013211.<\/p>\n

Vidovi\u0107, Domagoj. 2009. Utjecaj migracija na novo\u0161tokavske ijekavske govore u Neretvanskoj krajini i Donjoj Hercegovini. Hrvatski dijalektolo\u0161ki zbornik<\/em> 15. 283\u2013304.<\/p>\n

Vidovi\u0107, Domagoj. 2013. Naglasci u govorima i toponimiji Za\u017eablja i Popova. Rasprave: \u010casopis Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje<\/em> 39\/1. 155\u2013173.<\/p>\n

Vidovi\u0107, Domagoj. 2014. Metkovski prezimenski mozaik<\/em>. Gradsko kulturno sredi\u0161te. Metkovi\u0107.<\/p>\n

Vuk\u0161a Nahod, Perina. 2017. Slivanjski govori: fonologija i morfologija<\/em>. Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje. Zagreb.<\/p>\n

Vuk\u0161a Nahod, Perina. 2018. Dijalektna slika Doline Neretve. Hrvatski prilozi 16. me\u0111unarodnom slavisti\u010dkom kongresu<\/em>. Ur. Botica, Stipe i dr. HFD. Zagreb. 183\u2013196.<\/p>\n

\u010clanak je objavljen u\u00a0Zadarska smotra<\/em>, 79\u201386<\/strong>.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Metkovi\u0107 je sredi\u0161te Neretvanske krajine, kojemu gravitiraju okolna neretvanska i hercegova\u010dka sela s lijeve i desne obale rijeke Neretve. Prvi se put u povijesnim vrelima spominje 1422., a do kona\u010dnoga oslobo\u0111enja od Osmanlija u Malome ratu (1714. \u2013 1718.) bio je neznatno naselje. Nakon oslobo\u0111enja od Osmanlija Metkovi\u0107 se po\u010deo napu\u010divati uglavnom hrvatskim i u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":153831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[296,5],"tags":[479,14007],"class_list":{"0":"post-179191","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ab","8":"category-kolumne","9":"tag-domagoj-vidovic","10":"tag-metkovski-govor"},"yoast_head":"\nDomagoj Vidovi\u0107: Ne\u0161to o metkovskome govoru - likemetkovic.hr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/likemetkovic.hr\/portal\/domagoj-vidovic-nesto-o-metkovskome-govoru\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Domagoj Vidovi\u0107: Ne\u0161to o metkovskome govoru - likemetkovic.hr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Metkovi\u0107 je sredi\u0161te Neretvanske krajine, kojemu gravitiraju okolna neretvanska i hercegova\u010dka sela s lijeve i desne obale rijeke Neretve. Prvi se put u povijesnim vrelima spominje 1422., a do kona\u010dnoga oslobo\u0111enja od Osmanlija u Malome ratu (1714. \u2013 1718.) bio je neznatno naselje. 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